Western Pennsylvania
Parent Education Network


Disclaimer: The following report has been made available by Family Resources, the Western Pennsylvania Parent Education Network, and the Office of Child Development of the University of Pittsburgh.  The information included is provided as a public service and does not reflect all resources currently available.  The appearance of any resource in this report does not constitute an endorsement of the resource by Family Resources, the Western Pennsylvania Parent Education Network or the Office of Child Development.

Parenting Education Resources

Kelly E. Mehaffie and Michelle E. Paris
Office of Child Development
University of Pittsburgh

February 20, 2002


Parenting Education Resources

Introduction

The following report is a project description of a review of a variety of information available to parents and parent educators on child development and parenting issues. In an increasingly complicated society, parents today are faced not only with raising responsible citizens, but also for taking charge of their children’s education and medical care.  Finding information that is reliable and up-to-date is often confusing and stressful to parents and parent educators.  This project's goal was to provide quality information to parents and parent educators that was reviewed and evaluated for credibility, usefulness, and real life application.  Information and advice from magazines, books, and websites were the primary bases of this investigation.

While the items receiving the best reviews based on the established criteria within each medium and area of information are described, the Office of Child Development does not condone any single product or approach to parenting.  The following recommendations are simply possible sources of information that parents may find helpful in developing the approach best suited to their individual children.  The Office of Child Development did not choose this information for inclusion based on what was said, but rather, to offer a wide range of philosophies and perspectives so that parents and parent educators are able to select information based on their own needs and views.
 

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Websites

Areas of Investigation

The following areas were of particular interest in evaluating websites.
    1. Sociability.  Defined as fostering healthy peer relations and adult interaction in children.  Specific concerns included in this area include playground fights, helping shy children make friends, stranger danger, team sports, sibling interaction, and communicating with teachers.
    2. Nutrition.  Explains scientific investigations of pediatric nutrition as well as general information pertaining to developmental needs to parents who may not otherwise be able to understand scientific jargon.  Debates included under this subject include whether sugar makes children hyper, detecting/coping with food allergies, and selecting breast milk or formula.
    3. Physical Development.  Details normal development and addresses issues such as the average age to start walking/talking, teething, and child obesity.
    4. Medicine.  Includes information on common medications used for children.  Appropriate dosages and dangerous interactions are explained for prescription/over-the-counter drugs.  Describes alternatives to repeated antibiotic use, household remedies, and childhood immunizations.
    5. Toys.  This area includes toy safety, age appropriateness of individual toys, and educational toys.  Controversial topics, such as whether video games cause violent behavior in children, are also examined.
    6. Scholastic.  Reviews how children can help their children succeed in school, learning disorder diagnosis, and maintaining good parent-teacher communication.
    7. Child Care.  Inform parents on how to evaluate day care centers.  How daycare effects attachment in infants and daycare at various ages are also discussed.
    8. Socio-emotional Development.  Includes rudimentary emotional development, self-esteem issues, and maintaining a positive parent/child relationship.
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Criteria for Selection

Quality websites were rated on a ten-point scale within each of the following categories:
 
  1. Links: Number of working links to other websites with related material.
  2. Techniques:  Information on specific techniques that parents can use to improve communication with their children or modulate behavior.  Sites with the highest scores gave situation-specific examples and step-by-step procedures that could be applied over time.
  3. Research:  Evaluates a site’s credentials and whether its claims are based on peer review research, expert opinion, or parent experience.  Sites with the greatest variety of references received the highest scores.
  4. Ease of Use:  Addresses whether or not a site was well organized as well as if any additional software was needed to access information.
  5. Expense:  Sites often times recommend specific items.  For instance, many educational sites advertise programs that help children learn to read.  Sites promoting the lowest cost items with the clearest explanations of their uses received the highest scores.
  6. Quality of General Information:  Each site’s language was evaluated.  Sites that simplified parenting theory/child development so that parents could understand more complicated issues without previous knowledge received the highest scores.
After websites were rated in each area of parenting, the sites that earned the highest combined total of scores from these individual categories were selected for inclusion.
 

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Top Websites Over All Areas of Parenting

National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)
http://www.naeyc.org/ - The official website of the National Association for the Education of Young Children offers a variety of information for parents of preschool through elementary aged children.  The website allows the reader to navigate through all of NAEYC’s publications including a review of the most recent research on education.  Parents can search for an accredited preschool program, and a convenient checklist of important preschool features is available for parents who are evaluating programs in person.  All services provided can also be obtained in Spanish.

Parents’ Place
http://www.parentsplace.com - Parentsplace.com offers advice for a parent in any situation.  Topics discussed range from fertility and pregnancy to adolescence.  Various “chats” serving as online support groups allow parents to receive feedback and suggestions from other parents in similar situations.  Parents can also submit questions to experts such as pediatricians, dentists, and family therapists, which are answered within 24 hours.

Department of Education
http://www.ed.gov - The official site of the U.S. Department of Education offers articles pertaining to education from grades K-12.  Information on the diagnosis and treatment of learning disorders is available.  Tips on saving for a college education are offered, and government sponsored loans/grants are explained.  Tutoring is available for most high school subjects.  Technology use in the classroom for young children is discussed.  Briefs on recent legislation are also posted.

Toy Safety
http://www.toysafety.net -Toysafety.net offers a comprehensive review of the most popular toys on the market as well as broadcast warnings about potentially harmful toys.  Toy descriptions, pictures, and guidelines are available as well as age specific recommendations.

Kid Source
http://www.kidsource.com - Kidsource.com gives a detailed list of parent/child activities for families with children of all ages.  Children can also read or print educational stories on topics ranging from nutrition to stranger danger.  Homework help is available, and parents can access reviews of children’s literature.  Kidsource.com also boasts a monthly newsletter for parents.

Kids Meds
http://www.kidsmeds.com - Kids Meds explains the causes and treatments of common childhood ailments, such as ear infections, colds, lice, and chicken pox.  Parents can also look up specific medications and drug interactions.  Alternative remedies and preventative techniques are also described.

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Magazines

Areas of Investigation

Information on the following subjects was considered in evaluating a magazine's overall content.
  1. Health.  Includes articles pertaining to diet, exercise, first aid basics, and common childhood ailments (i.e. chicken pox).
  2. Common Parental Concerns.  Discusses how parents’ careers and work schedules affect children, sibling rivalry, divorce, and maintaining a healthy home environment for children of different ages.
  3. Education.  How parents can help children develop memory and learning skills, parenting gifted children, grade level transitions, time management, motivation, and assessing when children need help outside the classroom.
  4. Development.  Discusses how parents can foster healthy motor/cognitive development, understand behavior changes at different developmental stages, and ease social tension in children.
  5. Behavior Control.  Managing children's behavior in positive ways.
  6. Parental Communication.  Informs parents on how to approach children on controversial topics (i.e. drugs), suggestions on how to teach through play, and fostering healthy parent/child communication.

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Criteria for Selection

Magazines were rated on a ten point scale within each category.
  1. Organization.  Addresses whether articles are organized such that the reader can easily identify and follow the development of main points of interest.
  2. Practicality.  Rates articles’ application and generalizability to normal parenting issues.
  3. Content.  Judges a magazine's ability to target the issues most important to parents today.  Articles’ language is also evaluated for clarity.
  4. Credibility.  Addresses the quality of references to research or experts opinions that concur with articles’ assertions.
  5. Application.  Describes how successfully parents can apply the magazine's advice.
  6. Knowledge.  Evaluates how successfully the magazine relates technical information on child development to more general articles.
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Best Magazines Over All Areas

 The following magazines can be found locally and free of charge at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh Main Branch.

American Baby
American baby focuses on childbirth and pregnancy as well as the first year of development.  The magazine's main strength is thorough coverage of common medical concerns.  Several doctors and experts routinely address readers’ questions.  Complex physiological and nutritional mechanisms are clearly explained in simple terms.

American Family Physician
This magazine targets parent educators with a scientific background.  Great emphasis is placed on peer review research and in-depth coverage of all aspects of family health is offered.  The magazine's broad scope appeals to educators specializing in all stages of family development.

Healthy Childcare
Healthy Childcare caters to preschool teachers, providing them with creative classroom activities as well as updates on health and safety issues.  Removable handouts for parents are often featured at the magazine.  These handouts cover topics such as reading readiness and understanding childhood peer interaction.

Child Magazine
Perfect for the parent concerned with communicating with their children and making healthy family transitions, child magazine details family activities for all occasions.  Emphasis is placed on family participation in the community and making the neighborhood more “child friendly.”  Advice for common family transitions is also offered successfully.  Such transitions include the birth of a second child and how parents can save more time for themselves while their children are still young.

Parenting/Parents’ Choice/Parents Magazine
These three competitors offer similar types of information.  These magazines have extremely high credibility featuring many expert testimonials and opinions.  Although these magazines cater to parents with young children (infancy through toddler years), product and toy reviews often apply to school age children.  Feature articles are based on reader concerns, and the most detailed information is often found in the Q/A sections.

Family Life
Family Life is a comprehensive magazine that gives less detailed information on a variety of topics rather than specializing in one stage of family development.  Step-by-step problem solving guides are featured at least a few times a year and offer practical solutions to common concerns (nightmares, planning nutritional family dinners, etc.).  This magazine is perfect for the busy parent with limited time to stay current on family oriented topics.

Baby Talk
Baby Talk focuses on the first year of life.  Games and activities designed to enhance cognitive and motor development are featured in each issue.  Comprehensive reviews of infant formula and toys are also helpful to first time parents with no previous buying experience.
 
 

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Books

All books were evaluating based roughly on the same criteria and using the same categories as the magazines.  The selected books can serve as an extension to the magazines, providing more comprehensive and detailed information within each area of investigation.
 

Best Books Over All Areas

All of the following books can be found on Amazon.com in addition to many other retail sites.

The Baby Book:  Everything You Need to Know about Your Baby from Birth to Age Two by William and Martha Sears
As attachment parenting specialists, William and Martha Sears offer solid advice on bonding with infants and responding to their cues.  This book offers advice for most common behavior problems encountered by parents of toddlers.

Touchpoints Three to Six:  Your Children's Emotional and Behavioral Development by T. Berry Brazelton, et al.
A book for parents who struggle with children's changing moods and behaviors.  Brazelton, et al. offers real world troubleshooting on topics such as ADHD, computers, divorce and toilet training for parents of young children.  These subjects are discussed by five changing childhood characteristics:  temperament, learning, moral development, building relationships, and separation and independence.

Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide by Anthony L. Komaroff, Harvard Medical School
The Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide is a comprehensive diagnostic manual with easy symptom flow charts that help parents determine when a doctor's appointment is necessary.  The extra section on immediate emergency care is also practical for coping with common childhood accidents (i.e. broken bones).

Without Spanking or Spoiling:  A Practical Guide Approach to Toddler and Preschool Guidance by Elizabeth Crary
Crary offers sound advice to parents concerned about appropriate discipline.  In her model, discipline is specific to individual childhood temperaments and family values.

Sleeping though the Night:  How Infants, Toddlers, and their Parents Can Get a Good Night's Sleep by Jodi A. Mindell
As opposed to most books on childhood sleep disturbances, Mindell offers practical bedtime tips instead of focusing on correcting problematic habits in the middle of the night.

Your Child's Health:  The Parents’ Guide to Symptoms, Emergencies, Common Illnesses, Behavior, and School Problems by Barton D. Schmitt
This comprehensive guide is perfect for parents who want a quick reference book for illnesses and emergencies as well as more detailed advice on behavior.  Schmitt features many expert opinions, and the book is well organized by topic for easy reference.

Playful Parenting:  A Bold New Way to Nurture Close Connections, Solve Behavior Problems, and Encourage Children's Confidence by Lawrence J. Cohen
In his book, Cohen stresses that parents need to “lighten up” with their children in order to foster healthy relationships and understand how young children communicate.  He also offers parents advice on how to teach and communicate their own feelings through play.
 


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